Thirty Years' War: the religious conflict that killed up to 8 million people
The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) erupted more than a century after Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the Wittenberg church door and became one of Europe's deadliest conflicts. The struggle between the Catholic Habsburg monarchy and Protestant states claimed between 4 and 8 million lives, the majority of them civilians. It remains one of the most devastating wars in European history.
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